By SmartAsset Team

Form 2439 is a tax document that a regulated investment company (RIC) or real estate investment trust (REIT) issues when it retains capital gains and pays taxes on behalf of its shareholders. Instead of distributing the gains, the fund provides Form 2439 to shareholders, allowing them to report the income and claim a tax credit. The form identifies who’s responsible for filing it and how recipients can use the information for their own tax reporting.

A financial advisor can help you assess the tax implications of different investments and decisions. Connect with a financial advisor today.

What Is Form 2439?

Form 2439 reports a shareholder’s portion of long-term capital gains that a fund has chosen to retain rather than distribute. In these cases, the fund pays tax on the gains and passes both the income and tax credit to shareholders. The form provides the details necessary for shareholders to report the income and claim a corresponding credit on their individual returns.

Although no cash changes hands, the shareholder is taxed as if they received the gain. To prevent double taxation, shareholders increase their investment’s cost basis by the reported gain. This comes into play for shareholders when calculating capital gains or losses if they eventually sell the investment.

RICs or REITs typically issue this form, which appears most often in situations where retaining capital gains is more efficient. (An RIC is an entity, often a mutual fund, that meets specific IRS requirements and distributes most of its income to shareholders to avoid corporate tax.)

While Form 2439 doesn’t impact day-to-day investing activity, it has real tax implications at filing time.

Who Receives Form 2439?

House models, including one with the letters

Form 2439 is issued by a regulated investment company (RIC) or real estate investment trust (REIT) when it keeps capital gains and pays the tax on shareholders’ behalf. Typically, this includes individuals, trusts and other entities that hold fund shares in taxable accounts. In this scenario, The IRS treats shareholders as though they received their portion of the retained gains, even though no distribution occurred.

Depending on registration, brokerage account holders may get the form directly from their broker. If the shares are held under a custodial or nominee name, the broker may consolidate and distribute the tax information separately.

Timing also matters. Shareholders will only receive Form 2439 if they have held the investment on the fund’s designated record date for the retained gain. Those who sold shares before that date, even if it was during the same tax year, generally won’t receive Form 2439.

Reporting Retained Long-Term Capital Gains

When a shareholder receives Form 2439, they must report the retained long-term capital gain as income on their tax return for the year shown on the form. Individuals will enter this amount on Schedule D (Capital Gains and Losses) and, if required, Form 8949. Although the shareholder didn’t receive an actual distribution, the IRS treats it as though they did, making the income taxable for that year.

It also reports how much federal income tax the fund paid for the shareholder. Shareholders should claim that amount as a tax credit on Form 1040, typically on the line for “Other payments and refundable credits.” This credit reduces overall tax liability. It may even result in a refund, depending on the individual’s overall tax situation.

In addition to reporting the income and claiming the credit, the shareholder should increase the cost basis by the reported gain. Failing to adjust the basis could result in overstating future capital gains.

Tax software usually provides prompts for entering Form 2439 data. However, manual filers must take care to enter it in the correct places.

Bottom Line

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Form 2439 reflects a unique tax situation where investors must report income they haven’t directly received but are still credited with for tax purposes. The form’s presence signals a retained gain scenario, which affects both current tax filings and future cost basis calculations. Understanding the form — from recognizing who receives it to reporting the figures — can prevent errors and unexpected tax outcomes.

Tax Filing Tips

  • Contributions to tax-advantaged accounts like a 401(k), traditional IRA or HSA can reduce your taxable income while helping you save for the future. For instance, contributing the maximum to an HSA (if eligible) provides a triple tax advantage: contributions are deductible, growth is tax-free, and withdrawals for qualified expenses are not taxed.
  • Consider working with a financial advisor who can help you optimize your investments from a tax perspective. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.

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